Anatomy Guide: Normal Spine
Normal Spinal Curves
The spine is made up of stacked bones (vertebrae) and cushions of soft tissue (discs). When seen from the side they form the 3 natural curves of the spine. The cervical curve is the neck area. The thoracic curve is at the chest level and the lumbar curve is the lower back. The sacrum and coccyx are 2 fused bones at the bottom of the spine.
Viewed from back to front, the spinal column should be in a straight line. When properly aligned, it keeps the body balanced and comfortable.
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Vertebrae and Discs
The vertebrae are the bones which, along with the sacrum and coccyx, form the spinal column and create the spinal canal. This bony tunnel protects the spinal cord.
Discs are the shock absorbers between the vertebrae. Each has a jelly-like center, the nucleus, surrounded by a tough covering, the annulus. The discs provide flexibility by changing shape as you bend backwards (extension), forwards (flexion) and sideways.
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Spinal Cord & Nerves
The spinal cord lies protected within the spinal canal. Spinal nerves exit from it, through foramen, small openings formed from the vertebrae.
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MEDICAL REVIEW: Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD, April 2007.
SOURCE DOCUMENTATION: Orthopaedics: A Study Guide, 1999, McGraw-Hill.
LEGAL DISCLAIMER: This tool is for general information purposes only and does not address individual circumstances. It may not be right for you and should not be relied upon in making decisions about your health. Always consult your doctor for medical advice.
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